This program will address issues facing the chronic pain patient. Frequently, chronic pain patients require the use of opioids for long periods of time in order to decrease pain and improve function. Additionally, the genetics of pain, opioids, and opioid responsiveness along with that of the pharmacokinetics of opioids in general, have become a major issue that has been recognized in the past 5 years. The severe under treatment of pain in years past has led to immeasurable amounts of pain and suffering in patients with chronic nonmalignant pain syndrome as well as those suffering from cancer pain.