Table 1

Provisional Public Health Service Recommendations for Chemoprophylaxis After Occupational Exposure to HIV, by Type of Exposure and Source Material, 1996.

Type of exposure	Source material			Antiretroviral prophylaxis	Antiretroviral regimen*
Percutaneous	Blood
		Highest risk		Recommend	ZDV plus 3TC plus IDV
			larger blood volume (e.g., deep injury, large diameter, hollow needle, visibly bloody) and high HIV titer (e.g., end-stage AIDS)
		Increased risk		Recommend	ZDV plus 3TC, plus or minus IDV **
			either larger blood volume or high HIV titer
		No increased risk		Offer	ZDV plus 3TC
			neither of above (e.g., solid suture needle, source patient asymptomatic)
	Fluid containing visible blood, other potentially infectious fluid (CSF, peritoneal, amniotic, etc.) or tissue			Offer	ZDV plus 3TC
	Other body fluid (e.g., urine)			Not offer
Mucous membrane	Blood			Offer	ZDV plus 3TC, plus or minus IDV **
	Fluid containing visible blood, other potentially infectious fluid (CSF, peritoneal, amniotic, etc.) or tissue			Offer	ZDV, plus or minus 3TC
	Other body fluid (e.g., urine)			Not offer
Skin ***	Blood			Offer	ZDV plus 3TC, plus or minus IDV **
	Fluid containing visible blood, other potentially infectious fluid (CSF, peritoneal, amniotic, etc.) or tissue			Offer	ZDV, plus or minus 3TC
	Other body fluid (e.g., urine)			Not offer
* Antiretroviral regimens include: zidovudine (ZDV), lamivudine (3TC) and indinavir (IDV). Prophylaxis is for four weeks.
** Possible toxicity of additional drug may not be warranted.
*** For skin, risk is increased for exposures involving a high titer of HIV, prolonged contact, an extensive area or an area in which skin integrity is visibly compromised. For skin exposures without increased risk, the risk for drug toxicity outweighs the benefit of postexposure prophylaxis.
Table adapted from: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Update: Provisional Public Health Service Recommendations for Chemoprophylaxis After Occupational Exposure to HIV. MMWR. 1996; 45(22):471.

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