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September 1998
Volume 62 |
Number 9
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| A Pictorial Review
of Pediatric Anesthesia Artifacts |
George S. Bause, M.D., Trustee
Wood Library-Museum of Anesthesiology
Postpartum to 1997's "Obstetric Anesthesia" theme, the Wood Library-Museum
of Anesthesiology salutes "150 Years of Pediatric Anesthesia"
in 1998. In addition, we are saluting the 50th anniversary of
the conception of the world's first precision vaporizer: Dr. Lucien
Morris' Copper Kettle. The following pictorial review was photographed
from materials at the Wood Library-Museum of Anesthesiology.
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Life Saving Devices (LSD) Infant Lungmotor
(c.1914)
Donor: Anonymous
Patterned after Germany's Drager 1907 Pulmotor for resuscitating
miners, the United States LSD Infant Lungmotor was a scaled-down
version of the 1914 LSD Lungmotor for adults.
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Revell Trico Motor Circulator Prototype
(c.1946)
Donor: Daniel G. Revell, M.D.
An innovative Canadian, Dr. Revell adapted automobile windshield
fans/wiper-motors to eliminate under-mask deadspace, which
contributed to rapid, deep ventilations in spontaneously
breathing children under general anesthesia.
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Revell Divided Chimney-piece (1946)
Donor: Daniel G. Revell, M.D.
Copied by mass-producer Heidbrink, the Revell divided chimney-piece
was the one consistent component of the Revell circulator
as it evolved through a series of prototypes for preventing
under-mask deadspace during pediatric anesthetics.
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Stephen-Slater Nonrebreathing Valve (1948)
Donors: Drs. Ronald E. Peacock and James D. Shadoan
Designed by Drs. Harry M. Slater and "extremes of life specialist"
C. Ronald Stephen, the Stephen-Slater valve could 1) prevent
rebreathing of expired gas in the spontaneously ventilating
child and even 2) control ventilation if the anesthesiologist
held the expiratory valve closed while squeezing the bag.
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Jackson-Rees Modification of the T-piece
(1950)
Donors: Drs. James D. Shadoan and Ronald E. Peacock
A Mapleson F system, this modification of Ayre's 1937 T-piece
(by Dr. G. Jackson Rees) permitted spontaneous, controlled
or assisted ventilation of the pediatric patient.
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Bennett Model GBL Infant Hand Resuscitator
(c.1950)
Donor: St. Elizabeth's Hospital, Chicago, Illinois
Rubber-lined for comfort, the Bennett's masks had a fair
amount of dead space.
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Bloomquist Infant Circle Absorber (1957)
Donor: Robert Schreier, M.D.
Foregger was the earliest American manufacturer to supply
both adult and pediatric circuits with absorbers for removing
CO2, thereby permitting closed circuit use of
expensive newer anesthetic gases.
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Revell Mark III Circulator (c.1959)
Donor: Daniel G. Revell, M.D.
A turbo-impeller, this version of the Revell circulator
united a Trico automobile fan motor with a squirrel-wheel
air-mover from an electric plant-duster.
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DUPACO Revell "Cirqulator" (c.1960)
Donor: R. Douglas Sanders, M.D.
Like the WAECO production model, the DUPACO version was
not available before 1960.
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WAECO Revell "Cirqulator" (c.1960)
Donor: Daniel G. Revell, M.D.
Although Revell experimented with circulators as early as
1946, the WAECO commercial "Cirqulator" was not available
before 1960.
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No. 60 Ohio-Heidbrink Infant Circle Absorber
(c.1960)
Donor: Myron J. Levin, M.D.
As an answer to Foregger's model of the Bloomquist Infant
Circle Absorber, the Heidbrink Division of Ohio produced
this popular device for absorbing CO2 expired
by smaller patients.
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Celebrating Its 50th Anniversary:
The Copper Kettle
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First Commercial Foregger Texas Model
with Copper Kettle (1952)
Donor: Theodore C. Smith, M.D.
Dr. Lucien Morris designed this beautiful machine with a
copper table top as part of the world's first precision
vaporizer: the Copper Kettle.
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Top-fill Foregger Model of Morris' Copper
Kettle Vaporizer (1952)
Donor: James Tempesta, M.D.
Filled from the top, early versions of this precision vaporizer
could be overfilled so that patients faced overdosing on
liquid anesthetic spilled into the discharge tube. This
year marks the 50th anniversary of Dr. Lucien Morris' conception
of the Copper Kettle.
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Side-fill Foregger Model of Morris' Copper
Kettle Vaporizer (c.1965)
Donor: Elliott V. Miller, M.D.
The world's first precision vaporizer, the Copper Kettle
was now more "idiot-proof" with the side-filling port precluding
overdose from overfilling.
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George S. Bause, M.D., is
Honorary Curator of the Wood Library-
Museum of Anesthesiology, Park Ridge, Illinois.
E-mail the author.
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