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The American Society of Anesthesiologists is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians.
The American Society of Anesthesiologists designates this journal-based activity for a maximum of 12 AMA PRA Category 1 Credits™. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.

Maintenance of Certification in Anesthesiology™ program and MOCA^® are registered trademarks of The American Board of Anesthesiology^®. MOCA 2.0^® is a trademark of the American Board of Anesthesiology^®.

This activity contributes to the CME component of the American Board of Anesthesiology’s redesigned Maintenance of Certification in Anesthesiology™ (MOCA^®) program, known as MOCA 2.0^®. Please consult the ABA website, www.theABA.org, for a list of all MOCA 2.0 requirements.

Each monthly course page will be available in My Courses on the following scheduled dates.

After completing this activity, the learner should be able to discuss current developments in the science and clinical practice of anesthesiology. Learning objectives specific to each article are identified within the individual activity.

Methods: ANESTHESIOLOGY's Journal CME is open to all readers. To take part in ANESTHESIOLOGY Journal-based CME, complete the following steps:

Read the CME information presented in the course page.
Read the monthly article designated for CME credit in either the print or online edition.
Members have free enrollment; nonmembers will be prompted to provide payment.
Achieve a score of at least 50% correct on the six-question online Journal CME quiz and complete the evaluation.
Claim credit in 15-minute increments, for a maximum of 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™ per monthly journal article.

All members of the anesthesia care team.

Please see the monthly article for author(s) and credentials.

The American Society of Anesthesiologists remains strongly committed to providing the best available evidence-based clinical information to participants of this educational activity and requires an open disclosure of any potential conflict of interest identified by our faculty members. It is not the intent of the American Society of Anesthesiologists to eliminate all situations of potential conflict of interest, but rather to enable those who are working with the American Society of Anesthesiologists to recognize situations that may be subject to question by others. All disclosed conflicts of interest are reviewed by the educational activity course director/chair to ensure that such situations are properly evaluated and, if necessary, resolved. The American Society of Anesthesiologists educational standards pertaining to conflict of interest are intended to maintain the professional autonomy of the clinical experts inherent in promoting a balanced presentation of science. Through our review process, all American Society of Anesthesiologists education activities are ensured of independent, objective, scientifically balanced presentations of information. Disclosure of any or no relationships will be made available for all educational activities.
This journal article has been selected for and planned as a journal CME activity, which is designated for AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™. The authors disclosed relationships in keeping with Anesthesiology’s requirements for all journal submissions. All relationships journal authors disclosed to Anesthesiology are disclosed to learners, even those relationships that are not relevant financial relationships, per the ACCME’s requirements for CME activities.

Internet connection, web browser version must have been released within the last three years, Adobe Acrobat.