Access the course.

The summaries outline the 60-minute Refresher Course Lectures that were presented at ANESTHESIOLOGY^® 2024. The Refresher Course Lectures (RCLs) consist of a presentation by one speaker that addresses basic science issues important to the practice of anesthesiology, or that concentrates on the clinical applications of knowledge.

Physician anesthesiologists

See individual RCLs

The American Society of Anesthesiologists remains strongly committed to providing the best available evidence-based clinical information to participants of this educational activity and requires an open disclosure of any potential conflict of interest identified by our faculty members. It is not the intent of the American Society of Anesthesiologists to eliminate all situations of potential conflict of interest, but rather to enable those who are working with the American Society of Anesthesiologists to recognize situations that may be subject to question by others. All disclosed conflicts of interest are reviewed by the educational activity course director/chair to ensure that such situations are properly evaluated and, if necessary, resolved. The American Society of Anesthesiologists educational standards pertaining to conflict of interest are intended to maintain the professional autonomy of the clinical experts inherent in promoting a balanced presentation of science. Through our review process, all American Society of Anesthesiologists activities are ensured of independent, objective, scientifically balanced presentations of information. Disclosure of any or no relationships will be made available for all educational activities.

PDF reader